In the 1970’s when the use of Urea-formaldehyde foam insulation was prevalent, little was known about the toxic health effects of formaldehyde. Often extra formaldehyde was added to the mixture to ensure that the foam would cure. Since the product remains quite fibrous, the UFFI is highly susceptible to moisture and heat; releasing formaldehyde as a vapour into the indoor air. This formaldehyde vapour is what causes adverse health effects.
Formaldehyde when in vapour form is particularly known for its adverse respiratory problems and cancer risks for the inhabitants of the home. At low levels, it can trigger nose irritations, watery eyes, wheezing and coughing, allergic reactions and burning sensations in the eyes and throat. Elevated levels of formaldehyde can be carcinogenic and create symptoms such as headaches, insomnia, anorexia and loss of libido.
According to the International Agency for Research on Caner (IARC), formaldehyde is classified as a human carcinogen [1]. Whilst the particular details about formaldehyde and cancer is limited, several NCI surveys have linked increased risk of leukaemia and brain cancer with exposure to formaldehyde when compared to the general population.